01Full wave or selective
A full wave passes the whole underside of the board over molten solder, fast, and needs pallets to mask SMD parts. A selective machine moves a small nozzle joint by joint, slower, with no masking. Nine of fourteen listings we checked were selective.
02Solder pot material and size
Lead-free alloys attack ordinary steel over time. Ask the pot and impeller material, the pot volume, and what the first solder fill costs you, because that is not in the machine price.
03Fluxer and preheat
Spray fluxing gives an even coat; foam fluxing is simpler. Preheat length decides whether thick multilayer boards reach temperature at your conveyor speed.
04Nitrogen and dross
Nitrogen cuts dross, which is solder you throw away. Ask whether the machine is nitrogen ready and how much dross it makes per shift in air.
05Conveyor and pallets
Finger conveyor width range and angle. For mixed boards, ask who designs and supplies the masking pallets and at what cost per board type.